Natural disasters (천재지변)

 

In the analysis of "financial capacity to pay interest," it has been suggested that if a country exhausts its room for interest rate adjustments—or faces excessive inflation—its capacity to meet interest payments could vanish even before interest rates reach zero, potentially triggering a crisis akin to the Great Depression of 1929.

Given the current state of monetary policy in the Eurozone, countries with limited room for interest rate adjustments—such as Switzerland, China, Thailand, Japan, Taiwan, Singapore, Denmark, and Sweden—are particularly vulnerable. As they face rising prices driven by surging oil and natural gas costs, these nations risk a crisis stemming from the exhaustion of their financial capacity to pay interest.

However, there is a saying: "If you can't have the best, make the best of what you have."

Even if a future crisis—characterized by the depletion or exhaustion of the financial capacity to pay interest—appears inevitable, there may still be a way to overcome, reverse, or at least delay such a crisis. That solution lies in "natural disasters."

From a macroeconomic perspective, natural disasters can lead to an increase in interest-rate-related liquidity. Furthermore, they drastically reduce the consumption of money within the total money supply, effectively creating a deflationary environment. To put it simply: if a region—accounting for 30% of a nation’s total GDP—were to suffer a collapse of its economy due to a natural disaster, the consumption of currency and the rate of liquidity circulation in that area would plummet. Depending on the severity of the damage, this could—either permanently or for a significant duration—stave off the exhaustion of a nation’s interest-rate-based policy options and its capacity to meet fiscal interest obligations.

Therefore, even if a future crisis in monetary policy—driven by the depletion of interest-rate levers—appears inevitable, such a disaster—while unfortunate for the affected region—could paradoxically provide the nation’s monetary policy environment with an opportunity to escape that crisis.

The issue, however, is that typical natural disasters—such as typhoons, earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, or droughts—exert a deflationary pressure on liquidity that is merely temporary, not permanent.

Yet, there exists a specific type of "natural disaster" that could bring about a permanent increase in liquidity: a rise in sea levels.Because the rise in sea levels is not a transient event but a permanent one, it functions—from the perspective of preventing the collapse of the macroeconomic monetary system and extending its lifespan—as an almost essential mechanism.

The important thing is whether humans possess the scientific and technological capabilities to control natural phenomena, and since this part determines whether extraterrestrial beings from advanced civilizations ahead of Earth's civilization participated—a matter of conspiracy theory—it falls into an unknown realm of knowledge that we do not know. Ultimately, even when there is little room left for interest rate adjustments within the realm of monetary policy—and even as the economy nears the threshold of a Great Depression—there is always a solution to be found, much like the old saying: "If you can't have the best, make the best of what you have."

원문

Financial capacity to pay interest.(재정적 이자지급능력) 의 분석에서, 금리여력고갈또는 과도한인플레이션으로 인해서 제로금리이전에 재정적 이자지급능력이 고갈으로  1929년 대공황과 같은 상황이 발생한다고했습니다.

현재 , 유로존 금리를  정상적인 통화정책환경으로 볼때 ,  스위스,중국,태국,일본,타이완,싱가폴,덴마크,스웨덴같은 금리여력이 낮은 국가들이 , 본격적인 유가상승과 천연가스의 가격상승으로 만들어지는 물가상승시기에 재정적 이자지급능력고갈로  먼저 위기가 올수밖에 없는상황에 놓여있다고했습니다.

하지만,

"이가 없으면 잇몸으로 산다." (한국속담)

속담에 이런 말이 있는데,  미래의 현실(재정적 이자지급능력소진및고갈)이  정해져있고 위기가 다가온다 하더라도, 

이를 극복하려 노력한다면  위기상황을 반전시키셔 지연시킬수있는 해법이 존재한다는것입니다.

그 해답이 바로  천재지변입니다.

천재지변은  거시경제상  금리적 유동성 증가 효과를 가지고있다는것이고,  총통화량의 화폐소비량을 극적으로 줄여서  디플레이션환경을 만든다는것입니다.

이해하기 쉽게 설명하면,  

한국가의 총GDP에  30%만큼 해당지역에  천재지변이 발생해서  경제가 붕괴했다면 이지역에서 사용될  화폐소비량및 유동성의소비율이 줄어들게되어서 

금리적여력고갈및  재정적 이자지급능력소진을  피해정도에 따라서 영구적또는일정시간동안 지연시킬수있게됩니다.

 따라서, 미래 통화정책적 위기가  금리여력고갈로  이미 정해져 있다 하더라도 , 피해지역에는 불운이지만 이를 통해 국가의 통화정책환경이 위기에서 탈출할수있는 기회가 올수도 있다는것입니다. 

문제는  태풍,지진, 쓰나미, 홍수,가뭄등등의 일반적인 천재지변으론  유동성증가효과의 디플레이션 영향력이   일시적이며  영원하지않다는것입니다.

하지만, 

이를 극복할수있는  영구적인 유동성증가효과를 가진  천재지변이  궁극적으로 나타나는데, 그것이 바로  " 해수면상승" 입니다.

해수면 상승의 천재지변은  일시적이지않으며  그효과가  영구적이기때문에  거시경제상에서의 "화폐경제시스템의 붕괴예방과 수명연장측면"에서       

반드시 필요한 수단에 가깝다는것입니다. 

중요한것은 

인간이 자연현상을 좌지우지할 정도의  과학기술력을 가지고있냐는것이고, 이부분부터  음모론적으로 지구문명보다 앞선 선진문명의 외계인 참여여부가 결정되기때문에  우리가 알지못하는 미지의 지식영역에 해당하게됩니다.

결과적으로  통화정책영역에서 아무리 금리여력이 부족하고 대공황진입이 가깝다 하더라도,

한국속담의 "이가 없으면 잇몸으로 산다." 과 같은 해법은 늘 존재한다 하겠습니다......

Financial capacity to pay interest.(재정적 이자지급능력)

 

Theoretically, the lower bound for interest rates that a central bank can set is zero.

In the context of a monetary system, a zero-interest-rate environment represents a point where a nation’s fiscal capacity to make interest payments is completely exhausted.

The catch is that only nations with highly sophisticated central banking and advanced monetary policy frameworks are capable of reaching this zero-interest-rate threshold.

Let’s look at an example.

Government bond yields relate to the money supply (liquidity), while policy interest rates relate to inflation (as measured by the Consumer Price Index, or CPI).

When the level of inflation (policy rate) is appropriate relative to the money supply (government bond yield), a nation’s fiscal capacity remains sufficient to sustain interest payments even as rates approach zero.

However,

if inflation (policy rate) exceeds what is justified by the money supply (government bond yield), the nation’s fiscal capacity will be depleted by inflation long before it can ever reach a zero-interest-rate state.

Currently, China’s government bond yield (reflecting money supply) is 1.67%, while its policy interest rate (reflecting inflation) is 3.0%.

Even if China possesses the fiscal headroom to reach a zero-interest-rate environment, the excess inflation erodes purchasing power and reduces liquidity. Consequently, the "effectively available" government bond yield becomes 1.67% minus the 1.33% excess, resulting in an effective yield of 0.33%.

Therefore, if China’s government bond yields were to fall by another 0.33%, the country would reach the zero-interest-rate threshold—the point at which its fiscal capacity to meet interest obligations is entirely exhausted. 

The chart displays data on government bond yields and policy interest rates for various countries.

With the exception of China—a nation currently facing a liquidity crisis—most countries are fostering a monetary environment characterized by tightening, which helps keep inflation in check. Theoretically, this creates conditions that would allow these nations to sustain interest payments even if interest rates were to fall to zero.

The issue, however, is that until now, price stability has been maintained using commodities that represent only a small share of the total money supply (excluding oil and natural gas).

If the prices of oil and natural gas—commodities that account for a significant portion of the total money supply—begin to rise toward their "fair" value, most countries will inevitably find themselves in a situation similar to that of China.

In other words, if the prices of oil and natural gas—which hold a large share of the total money supply—increase, most nations would see their fiscal capacity to make interest payments completely exhausted long before reaching a zero-interest-rate environment, potentially leading to conditions akin to the Great Depression of 1929.

Looking back at the Great Depression, long-term interest rates in the United States hit a floor of 2.09%; they never even approached zero.

This suggests that, given the monetary policy environment of that era, the U.S. reached a point where excessive inflation completely depleted its capacity to service interest payments at the 2.09% level.

In conclusion, while it is theoretically possible for any nation to possess the fiscal capacity to sustain interest payments at a zero-interest-rate level, reaching such a state in reality is extremely difficult—a fact that underscores just how challenging it is for central banks to manage inflation. Therefore, among the countries shown in the chart of interest rate trends, those falling into the category of nations facing a high-level liquidity crisis—namely Switzerland, China, Thailand, Singapore, Japan, Taiwan, Sweden, and Denmark—will be the first to fall into a "great depression" (defined here as the loss of the ability to meet interest payments) if they fail to align their interest rate structures with that of the euro—which serves as a key benchmark—before the onset of a rise in oil and natural gas prices.

(원문)

이론적으로  중앙은행이 내릴수있는 금리하한수치는 제로금리입니다.

제로금리는  화폐시스템의원리상  국가가 재정적으로 감당할수있는 이자지급능력 완전고갈되는 영역을 의미합니다. 

문제는 제로금리에 도달할수있는 국가는  중앙은행의 통화정책기술이 높고 선진화된 국가만 가능하다는것입니다.

예)를 들어보겠습니다. 

국채금리는 통화량(유동성)개념이고,  정책금리는 인플레이션(CPI영역)개념입니다.

풀린통화량(국채금리)에대해서 = 적정한 인플레이션(정책금리)이 올때,  국가의 재정능력은  제로금리까지 도달할수있는 이자지급능력을 가지게됩니다.   

그런데.

풀린통화량(국채금리)에대해서 < 초과한 인플레이션 (정책금리)이 올때는 . 국가의 재정능력은 제로금리에 도달하기전 인플레이션에 의해 상실하게됩니다.

현재 ,중국의 국채금리(통화량개념)는 1.67% < 정책금리(인플레이션개념)는 3.0%입니다.  

중국의 재정능력이  제로금리까지 도달할수있는 여유자본을 가지고있다해도 , 초과된 인플레이션으로 인해서  구매력이 하락하면서  유동성이 감소되어 실제 사용가능한 국채금리는  1.67% - 1.33(초과금리)= 0.33%이고 이것이  중국의 실제 사용가능한 국채금리값이 되는것입니다.

그래서  앞으로 중국의 국채금리가  -0.33% 하락하게되면  국가의 재정상  이자지급여력이 완전고갈되는  제로금리에 놓이게된다는것입니다.

그림은 각국의 국채금리와 정책금리 자료입니다.

상위 유동성위기국가인 중국을 제외하고  나머지국가들은  긴축환경으로  적절한 물가억제환경을 만들면서  이론적으로 제로금리까지 이자지급능력을 펼칠수있는  금리환경을 조성하고있습니다.

문제는  지금까지는  유가나 천연가스를 제외한   총통화량에서  화폐점유율이 낮은재료를 가지고 적절한 물가환경을 유지해왔다는것이고,

유가와 천연가스가 가격상승하면서 적절한 가치에 도달하기 시작하면 거의 대부분의 국가는  중국과 같은 처지에 도달할수밖에 없다는것입니다.

즉, 총통화량에서 화폐점유율이 높은  유가와 천연가스가 상승하게되면 ,  제로금리에 도달하기전  거의 대부분의 국가가  재정상 이자지급능력이 완전고갈되면서 대공황(1929)과 같은 환경에 놓인다는것입니다. 

과거 1929년 대공황 시기의 미국의 장기금리를 보면 하한선이  2.09%가 한계였다는것이고 제로금리근처도 도달하지못했다는것입니다.

이는  이당시 미국의 통화정책환경이 2.09% 수준에서  초과인플레이션에따른 이자지금능력의 완전고갈이 발생했단 말할수있습니다.

결론적으로  이론적으론  모든국가가  제로금리에 도달할수있는  재정적 이자지급능력을 가지고있지만,  실제  제로금리에 도달하는것은 매우힘들며  이는 중앙은행의 인플레이션관리가 매우 힘들다는것을 증명합니다.

따라서,  그림의 각국 금리흐름에서 상위유동성 위기국가영역에 해당하는  국가(스위스,중국,태국,싱가폴,일본,타이완,스웨덴,덴마크)들은  유가와 천연가스상승시기가 오기전  기준이 되는 유로와 같은 금리체계를 가지지 못하면  

가장먼저  대공황(이자지급능력상실)에 놓이게 될것입니다......

Macroeconomic Conditions – October 11, 2026.

 

Because foreign exchange markets boast the largest liquidity volume on the planet,

both macroeconomic trends and the direction of central bank monetary policies are inevitably driven by the movement of exchange rates.

In other words, exchange rates dictate fluctuations in currency value and price levels, determine which regions of the world experience low or high inflation,

trigger capital flows, and shape the lifespan of economic cycles—ultimately determining the longevity of the entire monetary economic system.

Ultimately, just as the saying goes that "baseball is a pitcher's game," one could say that "the macroeconomic environment is a game of exchange rates."

The chart shows the trend of the Dollar Index.

Why is France currently pursuing austerity with such desperate intensity—effectively subjecting itself to severe economic hardship?

It is to stem the liquidity drain caused by the weakening Euro, a phenomenon resulting from the strengthening US dollar shown in the chart.

If France did not endure this self-imposed hardship to offset the liquidity shortfall through austerity measures in the face of a weak Euro,

the current strength of the dollar could not be sustained.

In essence, since a strong dollar is built upon the sacrifices of the nations that comprise the Dollar Index (the Eurozone, the UK, Japan, Canada, Sweden, and Switzerland),

if France cannot hold out, a strong dollar becomes impossible.

The problem, however, lies in France's current situation.

While the country is holding on by drastically slashing budgets for education and administrative agencies,

it is pushing past the limits of what the public is willing to tolerate. In other words, the dollar strength shown at point 3 in the chart is a trend driven largely by France’s self-inflicted austerity measures;

this implies that if France can no longer sustain such austerity and teeters on the brink of a liquidity crisis, the current dollar strength becomes unsustainable.

To put it another way,

Japan halted its own austerity measures—which had been triggered by a weak yen—back in July,

and now, there is a growing likelihood that France (representing the Eurozone) will also abandon its self-inflicted austerity.

Consequently, if France fails to prolong this environment of austerity, the euro will inevitably strengthen,

and the Dollar Index will inevitably shift toward a genuine decline, driven by the euro's appreciation.

​Now, let’s circle back to the beginning: I mentioned that "baseball is a game of pitching," just as the "macroeconomic environment is a game of exchange rates," didn't I?

So, what actually happens when the dollar weakens?

​From a macroeconomic perspective, the depreciation of currency value resulting from a weak dollar

is driving us all toward an inflationary inferno.

Status of the Dollar Index

 

Looking at the Dollar Index trend in the chart,

I initially thought the previous "fake" peak marked the final turning point toward a weaker dollar,

but in hindsight, the *real* peak is emerging only now.

Therefore, if the current peak is breached, the Dollar Index will likely plummet rapidly toward the 90 level.

Because the drop is very steep, it seems likely that it will simply pass through the Dollar Index 95–96 level, which is the growth benchmark for companies benefiting from high inflation.

Therefore, the high-inflation phase we are anticipating is likely to unfold much more abruptly than expected, catching market participants off guard.

October 4, 2026 – Macroeconomic Situation

 

France's current level of monetary tightening—measured by the spread between government bond yields and the benchmark interest rate—stands at -2.22, marking the highest level seen in the past five years.

Going a step further,

the French government is implementing fiscal consolidation measures totaling approximately €50 billion to €60 billion (roughly KRW 75 trillion to 90 trillion).

As a result,

the budgets of almost all ministries are being cut, including administrative and project budget controls for major ministries such as the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Environment, and the Ministry of the Interior.

Furthermore, they are even going so far as to cut the sensitive education budget; this is an austerity policy that approaches the extreme limits of what France can currently implement. 

Protests, road blockades, and public transport strikes are ongoing as student groups, transport unions, teachers' unions, and far-left and opposition political factions join forces.

In addition,

harsher austerity measures are being signaled to reduce the current fiscal deficit ratio from 5% to the EU level of 3%.

All of this ultimately amounts to a desperate effort to prevent the weakening of the dollar index, and represents an austerity environment being imposed on all EU countries, extending beyond France.

The problem is that in Germany, another EU country, the remaining austerity capacity shown in the graph is gradually decreasing to -0.80, indicating that there is very little room left for tightening.

Looking at exchange rates,

Japan—which had previously strived to maintain the dollar's trading range—abandoned its policy of yen weakness starting in July,

leaving Canada and the Eurozone as the only ones still putting up a desperate fight.

The problem, however, is that—as evidenced by the budget cuts across all French government ministries—

the Eurozone is simply not in a position to sacrifice its currency value to support the dollar's trading range.

If you look at the current state of government bond yields across nations,

rising yields in the Eurozone, Japan, and the U.S. have driven monetary tightening to abnormally high peaks,

creating a situation where everyone is struggling under the weight of such aggressive tightening.

If these desperate, heart-wrenching efforts ultimately collapse, what kind of change will follow?

I suspect the answer lies in the as-yet-undetermined range of the Dollar Index shown in the chart.

Monetary Economic System and Population Change

 

화폐경제시스템과 인구변화

Monetary Economic System and Population Change

The United States emerged as the issuer of the world's reserve currency because the existing system of individual national currencies could no longer sustain excessive population growth, and because gold, which had served as a means of reducing debt burdens, was not accumulated in sufficient quantities by the major nations.

From a demographic perspective, if population decline in the future begins to resemble the conditions that existed during the period when Britain was the reserve-currency nation, I believe the role of the United States will eventually come to an end. More than 100 years from now, the world may transition toward a regional-state framework and a system based on individual national currencies.

The reason I illustrated such a dramatic population decline in the chart is that the current dollar-centered monetary system, led by the United States, requires significant sacrifices from individual countries. In particular, it exerts a negative influence across the societies of countries that play a role in determining the value of the U.S. Dollar Index.

Examples often cited include Japan's "Lost 30 Years" following the Plaza Accord, the prolonged stagnation of Europe, and the increasingly negative social atmosphere and decline in public morale seen across many developed countries.

Previously, I argued that the reserve-currency system must remain expansionary and that humanity could face a major crisis within the next century if it fails to expand into space. However, if the large-scale population restructuring and decline I anticipate actually occurs, then the dollar-centered monetary system led by the United States may no longer be necessary.

Ultimately, assuming population decline proceeds as expected, the end of America's role as the reserve-currency nation may occur more than a century from now, when individual countries have developed sufficient capacity to sustain and circulate their own monetary systems independently.

"Money is fair and does not discriminate. "

Conditions of a Future Advanced Nation (eng)

1. Advanced Nations of the Past: The Era When Colonial Expansion Sustained the Monetary System

For advanced nations of the past, colonial expansion was not merely a matter of territorial growth. It was an important condition for delaying the collapse of the monetary-economic system and extending the economic lifespan of the nation.

By acquiring new colonies, these nations gained access to inexpensive labor and abundant physical resources. From a monetary policy perspective, this helped restrain debt accumulation and inflationary pressures. As a result, the stability of the monetary system increased, allowing economic growth to be sustained for longer periods.

However, this approach could not last forever. The physical limits of territorial expansion, the intensification of military competition among nations, and the growing resistance within colonial regions gradually reduced the economic benefits that colonial expansion once provided. Ultimately, it failed to become a fundamental long-term solution for maintaining the monetary system and eventually disappeared into history.

2. Modern Advanced Nations: The Era When Monetary Policy Efficiency Became National Competitiveness

In the modern era, the core source of competitiveness shifted from colonial possession to the efficiency of a central bank's monetary policy.

Efforts to reduce corruption, strengthen legal and institutional frameworks, improve education, and cultivate civic responsibility created the foundation for maximizing monetary policy efficiency. Countries that succeeded in these areas were able to prolong the lifespan of their monetary systems and secure economic advantages.

In contrast, countries with lower monetary policy efficiency tended to serve as providers of relatively inexpensive labor and natural resources, remaining in a less developed position within the global economy.

However, this system also has its limitations. No matter how efficiently monetary policy is managed, it cannot completely overcome population growth that exceeds the system's carrying capacity, nor the limitations of policy coordination among central banks around the world.

As a result, challenges such as zero interest rates, excessive debt accumulation, and the exhaustion of monetary policy tools may become increasingly severe over time.

3. Future Advanced Nations: The Era When Energy Self-Sufficiency Determines Currency Value

In the future, the gap in renewable energy capacity and advanced technological development may become one of the most important standards of national competitiveness.

The large-scale deployment of renewable energy, especially solar power, can reduce a nation's dependence on externally sourced energy. In turn, this may lower the pressure to expand the money supply and help limit the growth of debt.

In other words, the divide between nations that achieve energy self-sufficiency through renewable energy and those that remain dependent on imported energy may continue to widen.

Countries that establish energy-independent systems such as RE100-based infrastructures could maintain relatively stable currency values. Meanwhile, countries with high dependence on energy imports may experience persistent cost increases and weakening currency values.

As a consequence, differences in currency value between nations could expand, leading to wider exchange-rate gaps and potentially creating a new standard by which future developed and developing nations are distinguished.

Conditions for Survival During a Crisis Comparable to the Great Depression

If a future period of large-scale deflation or a new type of economic depression emerges, widespread corporate bankruptcies and contraction of the financial system could cause a sharp decline in the amount of money circulating throughout the economy.

Under such conditions, traditional energy industries such as nuclear power, oil, and natural gas, which rely on continuous capital investment and ongoing monetary circulation, could face severe contraction and structural challenges.

In contrast, renewable energy sectors such as solar power require relatively little ongoing monetary expenditure after the initial installation phase and offer the possibility of energy self-sufficiency. This characteristic may increase their resilience during prolonged economic crises.

Ultimately, in a large-scale deflationary environment, systems that require continuous monetary consumption to function may become less competitive than systems that can produce energy independently with lower monetary dependence.

Countries that rely heavily on external resources are inherently more vulnerable to economic shocks. By comparison, countries capable of producing and supplying their own energy can provide greater protection for their economic systems against external disruptions.

This suggests that future national competitiveness may not be determined solely by financial and monetary policy capabilities. It could become closely linked to a nation's ability to maintain energy self-sufficiency even during periods of severe economic stress.

In other words, the advanced nations of the future may not simply be the wealthiest nations. Rather, they may be the nations that secure a high degree of energy independence, allowing them to sustain themselves through financial crises and economic depressions.